Does alcohol have as much of a focus as drug addiction in UK essays

Does alcohol have as much of a focus as drug addiction in UK essays Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in Britain with only 7 per cent of men and 13 per cent of women describing themselves as non-drinkers (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2000: 6). When considered in population terms, alcohol is a more important risk factor for antisocial behaviour than are other drugs because it is more frequently taken in excess (Rutter et al, 1998: 154). Most people consume alcohol socially and moderately; however there are some who drink heavily, with not just adverse physical and psychological effects for themselves. It has been estimated that alcohol misuse contributes to 40% of violent crime, 78% of assaults and 88% of criminal damage cases (Deehan, 1999: 1). Coupled with reports that 28% of all offenders seen by the probation service have alcohol problems compared with 12% with drug problems (Alcohol Concern, 1999: 16), it would seem that alcohol has a larger part to play in crime than the misuse of drugs. However, the Government has invested heavily in drug use prevention - 94 million per year - but has seemingly neglected the issue of alcohol misuse, spending as little as 1 million per year on promoting prevention and treatment (Dean, 2000). Add to this a lack of true alcohol-related crime figures, with only specific drink-driving offences having a recorded statistic; until recent Home Office guidance, an absence of an ade quate definition of an alcohol-related incident (Alcohol Concern, 1999: 14); and the creation of a community order specifically for drug misusing offenders and not alcohol misusers (the Drug Treatment and Testing Order, or DTTO) and it would seem that alcohol has been left to take a back seat in the Governments agenda. To try and ascertain whether alcohol is the forgotten issue in the Criminal Justice System (CJS), this essay will be examining (albeit briefly) the relationship between alcohol ...

Compensation of strategic network board

Compensation of strategic network board Firms have embarked on strategies that help catch up with the stiff competition in the market. As a result, they partner with other firms to form strategic networks that constitute many members. This arrangement enables them attain strategic renewal through sharing resources, participation in joint technological activities and drawing similar marketing strategies.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Compensation of strategic network board specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is evident that this helps in strengthening the firm’s competitiveness; as a result, most governments and business related regulatory agencies support its implementation especially for small businesses. Another reason why many governments’ support this concept is because it assists firms to build independent entities that will help them address their deficiencies. Most importantly, to ensure the networks accomplish their goals, it is e ssential to establish a network board that will foresee their operations. This board might come in handy in situations where companies that have formed a network are experiencing problems related to insufficient resources (Thorgren, Wincent and Anokhin 131). The network board consists of firm’s representatives, experts in the industry or representatives of different related public agencies. Most importantly, the main responsibility of the network board is to augment network authenticity. Additionally, it heartens, harmonizes and offers support for joint activities among the networked firms. Basing on the roles played by this network board, it is essential that they are compensated so as to motivate them. It is obvious that the administrative structure that governs the operations of this board is different from the normal organization structure. This is because the board foresees the operations of more than one firm and each of them has its own administrative structure. Thus, the process of compensating the network board is far different from that of an organization’s board. As evident, this board acts as agents that link different organizations. Research has incorporated agency theory with stewardship theory to suggest that unforeseen events shape the affiliation linking networking firms and network board members in a way that can add weight to the effects of board compensation on network performance (Thorgren et al. 132). Analysis In this article, the author portrays the importance of the small businesses coming together and establishing an empire that will sustain them presently and in the future. In order for these businesses to succeed, they must form a board to foresee their operations. Additionally, this board must be compensated as a means of motivating it to perform its duties well.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It i s noteworthy that the author’s qualification is certain as he brings out the most important facts concerning the avenue that leads to small businesses prosperity. Establishment of a strategic network by firms as presented by the author seems to be a practicable fact. However, the administrative structure that links these companies in a way to facilitate the compensation of this board does not seem to be practicable. It is obvious that the board members are derived from the industry. Thus, each stakeholder must compensate its representatives as part of its contribution towards the sustainability of the board. It is essential for the firms concerned to come up with well constructed strategies, which will ensure the costs incurred during compensation process are shared equally. Basing on this fact, it is an appropriate for firms to produce equal number of representatives on the board to ensure equivalent contribution towards their compensation. In as much as the article portrays the importance of compensating the network board members, it does not give the criteria to be employed when administering the compensation. It is a fact that the compensation strategy is a critical issue that needs to be addressed in detail. Some experts reveal that issues arising from the compensation strategy might result to controversies, hence collapse of the strategic networks. In the establishment of these networks, it is essential for its proposers to put in mind the fact that it requires a lot of consultation to link the companies. In the board, it is essential to constitute experts with experience on joint company ventures. This acts as a mitigation measure incase there occurs future disagreements. Application It is noted that, this information is important in business as it depicts ways in which different companies can combine their resources to come up with a solid venture able to outdo its competitors. The information on compensation of the network board is necessary to companies that are already in strategic network as it enlightens them on ways of strengthening their links. Most importantly, this information is essential to the management as it reveals a rough idea of what to expect when they involve their institutions in strategic networks. Additionally, this information is vital to institutions already in involved in strategic network but having problems to do with the compensation and constitution of the network board. Conclusion As evident, stiff competition in the market leads to employment of new strategies to enable firms catch up with the market leaders. Thus, there are companies that opt for the strategic network so as to combine their resources; as a result, it boosts their market share. In any organization, employee motivation is considered essential because it ensures more productivity.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Compensation of strategic network board specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, for the strategic network board to be motivated it should receive compensation from the network partners. It is appropriate for each company to have a representative on the board so that their interests are well represented. Furthermore, a company will be well represented if the individual has got formal links with the company and understands what goes on in the company. The board’s success is determined by the mode of treatment and concern it receives from the stakeholder. Thus, its compensation is an important element that will boost their working morale. As evident, the compensation process must be well structured so as to ensure there are no obstacles towards the implementation of the strategic network. Hence, the parties involved must seek the advice and guidance of experts before executing this strategy. Work Cited Thorgren, Sara. Wincent, Joakim. Anokhin, Sergey. The Importance of Compensating Strategic Network Board Members for Network Performance: A Contingency Approach. British Journal of Management, 2010, 21:Â  131–151. Print.

Population and the Property in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Population and the Property in Australia - Essay Example The students were presented with a set of propositions expressing different views of the war in Iraq and asked to select the response which best reflected their own views. Over 70% agreed either with the proposition that "Australia should never have been involved in the US-led war in Iraq" or "Australia should no longer be involved in the US-led war in Iraq". This contrasts with surveys of young Australians conducted in early 2004, which showed a much higher level of support for Australian involvement in the war. Sample here is the student community whose views are being collected. The population is depicted as the overall population of Australia. Property is the personal views of Australians regarding the govt involvement in War in Iraq. An argument can be evaluated on the basis of certain factors. First of all, the sample case of students being extended to total population is not totally adequate because of the age factor. Students of a university who are not experienced in international affairs and the government working are presenting their personal views which are themselves based on what their peers think. This age factor cannot be extended on to the overall population as there are middle-aged men and women and the older generations who are more mature and experienced. The research methods used are also not considering the viewpoint of people other than young students. Conclusion about the evaluation is deduced as not justified because the views of people more experienced and strong vie w point is not considered. In causal research, why is it important for test group and control group to be similar? What method of test group/ control group selection is most likely to result in the test group and control group being similar? Why? Explain, using an example, why it is not always appropriate to use that more reliable form of test group/control group selection.